Chapter 10
Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System
The skeletal system is the central framework of the body, consisting of different connective tissues: bones, cartilage, tendons, and…
The most apparent functions of the skeletal system are support, protection, and movement. However, bone tissue also performs several other critical…
The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four…
The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and…
Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact…
All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long…
Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized…
Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small…
Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt…
Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A…
Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of…
Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template…
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow.…
Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are…
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption…
The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium,…
The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and…
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once…
Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone…
The basic principle of the rabbit calvarial model is to grow new bone tissue vertically on top of the cortical part of the skull. This model allows…
Bone infection results from bacterial invasion, which is extremely difficult to treat in clinical, orthopedic, and traumatic surgery. The bone…
Bone fractures impose a tremendous socio-economic burden on patients, in addition to significantly affecting their quality of life. Therapeutic…
